| Abstract | In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content: Notes 1. Annick Kayitesi, Nous existons encore (Paris: Michel Lafon, 2004), 236. 2. In "A Problem from Hell": America and the Age of Genocide (New York: Perennial, 2002) Samantha Power gives a striking example of this unwillingness to translate the remembrance of genocide into political action while professing a duty to remember: "At a State Department press conference on April 8 [1994], Bushnell made an appearance and spoke gravely about the mounting violence in Rwanda . . . . After she left the podium, Michael McCurry, the department spokesman, took her place and criticized foreign governments for preventing the screening of the Steven Spielberg film Schindler's List. 'This film . . .,' McCurry said, 'shows that even in the midst of genocide, one individual can make a difference.' . . . 'The most effective way to avoid the recurrence of genocidal tragedy,' he declared, 'is to ensure that past acts of genocide are never forgotten'" (352-53). Needless to say that nobody saw in these two declarations a link, nor tried to remind the American administration when it became clear a couple of days later that a genocide was underway in Rwanda, that if "one individual can make a difference," what about a country like the United States. 3. Groupov (theatrical collective, Jacques Delcuvellerie, director), Rwanda 94: une tentative de réparation symbolique envers les morts, à l'usage des vivants (Paris: Editions Théâtrales, 2002), 132. 4. Henry Rousso, Le Syndrome de Vichy 1944-198.... (Paris: Seuil, 1987). See also Annette Wieviorka, Déportation et genocide: entre la mémoire et l'oubli (Paris: Hachette/Pluriel, 1995). 5. On Bourdieu's concept of "symbolic violence," see "L'Économie des biens symboliques," Raisons pratiques: sur la théorie de l'action (Paris: Seuil, 1994), 175-213. 6. For more details on the conflictual relationships between Paul Kagame's government and Rwandan survivors association like "Ibuka-Remember," see Catherine Coquio "Aux lendemains, là-bas et ici: l'écriture, la mémoire et le deuil," Lendemains, 112, "Rwanda 2004: témoignages et littérature" (2003): 6-38. 7. Ross Chambers, Untimely Interventions: AIDS Writing, Testimonial, and the Rhetoric of Haunting (Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 2004), 43. 8. Jacques Delcuvellerie (director and co-writer of the play Rwanda 94), "Rwanda 1994: une réparation symbolique," Périphérie ("Gens de bien" May 2000), http://www.peripheries.net/f-rwd.htm (accessed on 7/5/2005) (translation mine). 9. On the link between personal trauma and collective history, see Cathy Caruth, Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative, and History (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins UP, 1996). 10. Jacques Derrida, Demeure, Maurice Blanchot (Paris: Galilée, 1998). 11. Sarah Kofman, Smothered Words, Madeleine Dobie, trans. (Evanston: Northwestern UP, 1998). 12. Yolande Mukagasana, N'aie pas peur de savoir (Paris: Robert Laffont, 1999). 13. Charlotte Delbo, Auschwitz and After, Rose C. Lamont, trans. (New Haven: Yale UP, 1995). 14. Jacques Derrida, Adieu à Emmanuel Lévinas (Paris: Galilée, 1997), 96-97. 15. For an analysis of the context that led to the genocide and the Arusha talks, see Mahmood Mamdani's chapter, "The Civil War and the Genocide," in When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda (Princeton: Princeton UP, 2001), 185-233. 16. Regarding this issue, see the recent polemic surrounding the publication of Georges Didi-Huberman's essay Images malgré tout (Paris: Minuit, 2003) where he discusses the status of four photographs taken by members of a Sonderkommando in Auschwitz. 17. For additional analysis, see Colette Breakman, Rwanda: histoire d'un genocide (Paris: Fayard, 1994); Jean-Pierre Chrétien, ed., Rwanda, les médias du genocide (Paris: Karthala, 2002); Dominique Franche, Généalogie du génocide rwandais (Bruxelles: Tribord, 2004). 18. For a detailed and insightful analysis of the gacaca, see Françoise Digneffe and Jacques Fierens, eds., Justice et gacaca: l'expérience rwandaise et le génocide (Namur: Presses Universitaires de Namur, 2003). 19. Michel de Certeau, The Writing of History, Tom Conley, trans. (New York: Columbia UP, 1988), 100. 20. Johan Portier, Re-Imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2002), 11. 21. On the question of interpretation of the past as political gain, see also Michele Wagner, "The War of...
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